Pop Art and Controversial Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pop Art and Controversial Art - Essay Example The creator of the paper expresses that Chicago Picasso may speak to a lady yet then again looks like either a pony or even a winged creature, which can be named as a brutal correlation of the woman. To my feeling, dubious craftsmanship illuminates general society about the truth while scrutinizing the standards. A portion of the Picasso’s works of art were marked as photography yet later the general public understood their suggestion. Along these lines, the government’s move to boycott a questionable workmanship just blinds general society on the real world, grasping on acknowledged culture. Pop craftsmanship can be utilized to allude to the new look of craftsmanship that exuded during the 1950s consolidating symbolism from the then mainstream society. Workmanship is an impression of the general public, and in this manner pop craftsmanship developed to incorporate attributes, for example, promoting, news, etc that had been barred in the conventional expressive arts . Pop craftsmanship was raised by the development of media that misrepresented everything in the public eye. Desire of future turn of events and expanded progress likewise incited workmanship to reflect future wonder. Pop workmanship may be viewed as questionable, potentially because of its planning. Be that as it may, assessing the fine arts with the cutting edge world position, the pop craftsman shows up extremely inventive. Note that,â pop obscured the line among culture and workmanship, making it feasible for craftsmanship to obtain from any culture paying little mind to the latter’s position in the as of now characterize culture chain of command.

Gender and Language Essay

Different structures which build up their predominance over ladies is their requirement for logical language, to demonstrate to ladies (and at some point themselves) that they are the more insightful of the two sexes. Other male magazines will in general utilize condensed terms for titles or items, which hint authority, for example, ‘FHM’, ‘GQ’ or even ‘MAX POWER’. These titles indicate the possibility of occasional and experimentally images or even macho portrayals, for example, G. I Joe. Max Power being a prime case of the greater is better hypothesis shared by a larger part of guys. In which case all the titles suggest the possibility that by perusing these magazines they will in a general sense gain delight and authority just as setting up the male sexual orientation as the more prevailing of the two. The setting of the title additionally recommends that what men truly need from a magazine is the thing that the media has consistently accepted to be valid; Sexually depicted, appealing young ladies spread over the intro page, in any case if the title can be seen or not, is in every case bound to offer to a male crowd instead of another male being appeared. The entertainer Tara Reid is the center purpose of the first page and attracts the peruser, because of her alluring posture. She is welcoming however yet still gives indication of powerlessness and blameless people as her outfit of dress is of silky and more to the point of white texture, white meaning all that is acceptable and immaculate by others. The slogan likewise hints that the article containing her will likewise be of extraordinary enthusiasm to a male crowd as it is explicitly situated and recommends phallic ramifications. This has been decided to suit what is hypothesized to be the requirements of today’s man, which is the opportunity to be the more prevailing of sexual orientations and who is equipped for giving ladies security. This philosophy and conviction has now been moved, as ladies today are more than equipped for managing life much better all alone without a man. Men are likewise increasingly mindful of how ladies like to be viewed as equivalent to them, and some are extremely open to this change while others like to stay before and keep on survey ladies as accommodating people. The front of ‘Maxim’ doesn’t support today’s changes in sexual orientations, which recommend this is the way they keep up a crowd of people of male chauvinists, or if nothing else to pick up their consideration. Inside the really magazine stories and articles are fundamentally the same as those found in female magazines yet clearly focused on a male crowd. It’s exceptionally reviving to see that the hindrances between the two genders are similar, regarding language utilized and plan. The average ‘hard’ picture of what men see to be has somehow or another become progressively gentler and less forceful, demonstrating that the new man of the twenty-first century can likewise adjust to new thoughts, and that the hole between the two sexual orientations moves nearer with every age. Clearly certain parts of the magazine must be esteemed only for a man, or if nothing else of more enthusiasm to a man than to a ladies, for example an article which communicated manners by which cops caught and tormented their detainees, indicated pictures of firearms and military dressed youngsters with awful homicidal canines yapping at the detainees. The general effect of the pictures were extremely rough and to some degree insensitive, however for certain men the possibility of human decimation and war will consistently bear some significance with them, for reasons which despite everything hold inquiries regarding why? In general the recognizable proof of this magazine being focused at a male crowd can be supposed to be valid, because of the accompanying viewpoints: †A Semi-bare female (ideally light) will be spread over the first page, progressively recognizable if the female is as of now notable. †The title communicates a huge amount as referenced by scholar Raymond Williams that men are inclined to the possibility that ‘Big is consistently better’ †Sub-headings signify issues, which contain those identified with sport, particularly as the world cup is because of start. †And current undertaking issues which reflect pulverization and disorder from around the globe though with a female magazine the present issues raised are for the most part coordinated at people who are structure the universe of showbiz or contain humor. Regarding the last point, female magazines, for example, ‘MORE! ‘ tend not to perform or even talk about issues which mirror those found on the news except if it is of importance to their British, female crowds. This somehow or another may be on the grounds that they despite everything dread that ladies are very fragile and are progressively inclined to demonstrate feeling to such subjects. Subsequently crushing the object of a magazine being a vehicle of diversion, if the issues raised are of an increasingly genuine nature. This is the place the distinction between magazine news coverage and that of paper reporting lies. As Newspaper composing is focused on different people and not to one set sex or age bunch it takes into account news and amusement of the two sorts to be communicated without the dread of upsetting anybody, as this is the thing that it is decided to do. Magazines, for example, MORE, are what offer female crowds a reprieve from the real world and permit them to enjoy into the universe of tattle and popularity. A conviction shared by the vast majority, in especially men, that ladies appreciate tattle. Mary Crawford expresses that tattle permits ladies to speak with their companions and gives them a feeling of solace; being permitted to comprehend what others are doing from a different universe, which thus is totally different to that of their own gives them fulfillment and pleasure. All in all what I include saw inside my concise examination is that despite the fact that circumstances are different male magazines despite everything appear to be increasingly relatable to today’s society and contain more top to bottom issues which a ton of female magazines dread to step on. Anyway this may just be the beginning, obstructions have just begun to break between the two sexual orientations and with time these boundaries may stop to exist. As ladies are currently given progressively sexual opportunity and social changes have occurred as far as media impacts (for example ads presently provide food for all sexes and speak to them as equivalent to men). Significantly more of society currently grasp the new women's activist ladies and single parents and radical changes have occurred so as to have arrive at this state just as changes from men and their to some degree narcissistic mentalities. A statement, which most ladies of today’s society would now be able to relate to would be that of Charles Fourier in 1808, which said expressed that ‘The augmentation of women’s rights is the fundamental of all social change. ‘ as such permit ladies to live the manner by which they pick and not censure them for it and changes inside the genders will be made to improve things. List of sources Crawford, M ‘Talking contrast: on Gender and Language’, Sage 1995 Fourier C, ‘ Theories of the forward Movement, 1880 Martin, M, ‘Ways of reading’, language and sexual orientation, 2000 Williams, R. (1980/1996) ‘Advertising the Magic System’, Media Studies: A Reader

Writing Prompts and Advice From Teachers Friends

Writing Prompts and Advice From Teachers' FriendsAre the writing prompts and advice that you'll receive from your school teachers, parents and peers going to be part of a larger, more comprehensive writing guide for the Common Core State Standards? Or are they simply writing prompts that you can use for your own personal needs?The great thing about using these writing prompts and tips is that, while the Common Core states that there are different writing programs and online programs for each subject, the guidelines for using each are very similar. All you need to do is follow the writing prompts. No written descriptions are necessary, just as no written descriptions will be necessary once you start typing.The reason the Common Core has allowed for this level of freedom is to make sure that children can write if they need to in order to succeed in their education. These plans and guides will continue to evolve and improve, and will eventually allow more guidance when it comes to teach ing and learning.To help your child develop their writing ability as they move on through grade level after grade, the writers for the Common Core State Standards plan on providing them with writing prompts and guidance for reading skills as well. Once your child is out of high school, you can set up private tutoring sessions to work on their reading and comprehension skills.You may also find that once your child's reading and comprehension skills are developed, it will help them learn from doing so and get them started on their homework. The overall goal is to be able to communicate, and this can be done through letter and number combinations and the various images and pictures that will be displayed. This will then improve both their writing and reading abilities.While the writers for the Common Core State Standards hope that, through the writing prompts and tips, your child can continue to write and develop their own writing style, they still have to follow the writing guidelines . You may find that this means that they can start writing letters, letters to parents, and essays before they turn five years old. If you are looking to move your child into a kindergarten class, or even past grade level, this will allow you to be sure that they are comfortable with writing.Reading and comprehension skills are developed through what the writing prompts tell them to do and how to do it. This is also true of writing, and the writers for the Common Core State Standards want your child to be confident with the writing abilities they have.The writers for the Common Core State Standards and your child's instructors have worked hard to make sure that the writing program and guidelines are designed to help your child grow and become more comfortable with writing. So, when you find yourself having trouble with a writing prompt, do not despair; the writers for the Common Core State Standards are working hard to make sure that your child develops their skills and knowledge of the English language.

The Difference Between Parenting Styles and Strategies

Parenting styles, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful, tend to be almost inherent to the individual, something that is unlikely to change. A parenting strategy is something an individual chooses. It may be based upon their parenting style, but it can also change in response to needs and behaviours. Parenting strategies tend to be in regards to disciplinary measures. Strategies are usually needed to attend to problem behaviours, which tend to arise because of ineffective discipline, as in the case of intermittent discipline, or coercive discipline, such as spanking or yelling. While any parent may have moments of ineffective parenting strategies, especially in the face of various life stressors, ineffective†¦show more content†¦Results showed that parenting practises, such as parenting strategies, and child functioning is not affected by the ethnicity of the family, family structure, family income, or gender, but that harsh punishment was more lik ely to occur from mothers, especially from mother to son (2002). A study was done in Hong Kong with mothers of 183 children between the ages of six and eight (Chan, 2010). Mothers completed a group interview, and a questionnaire was read to the group on children’s coping strategies, the mother’s level of authoritativeness, and on the mother’s response to their child’s emotions. The mothers then recorded their answers to each question individually on a rating scale. Each child’s teacher then rated that child upon their level of prosocial behaviour and on their acceptance by their peers. Results of Chan’s study showed that while the mother’s level of authoritative parenting style affected the way the mother supported their child’s emotions (2010). What is interesting is that only the supportive responses, not the actual fact that the mother adopted an authoritative parenting style, had a significant effect on the way their child utilized positive coping strategies (Chan, 2010). In essence, the parenting strategy of being supportive allows the child to develop and utilize positive coping strategies. Instead of studying adjustment and coping strategies, AislingShow MoreRelatedEssay on An Effective Parenting Style993 Words   |  4 Pageswrong. According to the Wikipedia, â€Å"Parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing.† As parents use the technique to raise their children, they also shaped their value and personality. â€Å"Parenting style considers the balance between two aspects of parenting, namely, control, and warmth† (Ginsburg, Durbin, Garcias-Espana, Kalicka, and Winston, p. 1041). The most commonly heard parenting styles are authoritative, authoritarian,Read MoreParenting Styles : A Parenting Style And Made A New System For Classifying Parents848 Words   |  4 Pagesthem the rules of life by using a specifi c parenting style. A parenting style is a psychological concept based on regular strategies that parents use while raising their children. Parenting is a complicated occupation that requires many different skills that work in concert to influence a child’s behavior. Parental responsibilities start after the birth of the first child, and they impact the child’s overall life. Parents usually develop their parenting styles based on their cultures. This situationRead MoreParenting Styles and Culture1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdiverse cultures that can shape parenting behavior, some basic assumptions regarding the links between parenting styles and developmental outcomes may not be universal. Much research has been conducted on the different parenting styles across cultures. There are also many myths about which parenting style is the best or the most beneficial to the social development of children. Reviewing past literature on this subject matter reveals that the authoritarian parenting style produced more overt aggressionRead MoreThe And Parental Authority Questionnaire1535 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Midwes t, with participants ranging between the ages of 16 and 18 (Ritter, 2005). The researcher used the Individual Protective Factors Index (Springer Phillips, 1997) and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991). The goal was to determine if an association existed between the developments of resiliency and parenting styles utilizing Baumrind’s parenting style typologies, authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative styles of parenting (Ritter, 2005). Results from the study establishedRead MoreParenting and culture Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesone side, supporters of the argument for the universality of parenting suggest that certain types of parenting styles will produce the same child development outcomes in different cultures. On the other hand, the argument for cultural specificity states that different parenting practices vary from culture to culture, and that culture ultimately determines the outcomes of child development. Each culture has specific styles of parenting that instill values on children particular to that culture. EachRead MoreDifferent Types Of Parenting Styles1495 Words   |  6 PagesParenting styles have been described by Diana Baumrind into four categories, authoritative, authoritarian, neglectful, and indulgent parenting (Santrok 461). Parenting styles can be defined as patterns of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. This paper will examine the different type of parenting styles as it relates to ethnicity and various cultures. What exactly is ethnicity and culture? The Oxford Dictionary defines ethnicity as â€Å"the fact or state ofRead MoreEssay about Developmental Views of Parenting Style and Effectiveness1678 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental Views of Parenting Style and Effectiveness Parenting effectiveness and influence have been studied by developmental psychologists who have been interested in the role of parenting and how it may affect the success or failure of children. An important aspect to this area of research is parenting styles. There have been four styles noted and each may have differing outcomes for the children in later life: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and unengaged/uninvolvedRead MoreParenting Goals And Values, Styles, Behaviors, And Strategies That I Have Experienced Growing Up881 Words   |  4 PagesI will explain about many parenting goals, beliefs, styles, behaviors, and strategies that I have experienced growing up. Parenting goals may lead to variation in parenting behavior across culture. Parenting goals provide the motivation and framework for what parents think is the best way to raise their children. In the book, â€Å"Culture and Psychology† explain about different parenting goals within different cultures. For example, there is different parenting goals between middle-class mothers in BerlinRead MoreParenting Styles Diana Baumrind999 Words   |  4 Pages The way a parent parents a child has a dramatic effect on a child’s development. In fact, research has revealed that parenting styles can impact a child’s cognitive, psychological, and social growth, which affects children in the childhood years, teenage years and adolescence. The reason is that children develop through a number of stimuli, communication, and conversation, which surround them. Families provide a structured environment in which a child lives while parents serve as role models andRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effects On A Child s Development1220 Words   |  5 PagesResearch in parenting styles has found a large amount of correlation between parenting behavior and certain long-term outcomes for children. Specifically, parenting styles have been shown to correlate to a child’s obedience level, school competence, delinquency, violence, sexual activity, antisocial behavior, alcohol and substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and self-perception. Th e members of your family are the most prevalent relationships you will have in your life. Therefore, they will have the

Fahrenheit 451 And Anthem Analysis - 1273 Words

What happens when a person bans another human from thinking for themselves? How does a person cope with oppression? In the novels Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem, the characters face the tyranny of their governments. Corrupt leadership becomes an obstacle that the protagonists of both novels must overcome. The frightening communities in the books help to demonstrate the effects of restricting free-thinking. In Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem, the authors Ray Bradbury and Ayn Rand focus on dystopian societies to prove that human nature always prevails. Both novels provide vivid examples of sacrifice. In Fahrenheit 451, an old lady stands up to Captain Beatty. The old lady tells the captain that he can never have her books. The lady â€Å"reached out with†¦show more content†¦Because the main characters witness extreme sacrifices, they both seem to undergo internal and external conflicts. The main characters of both novels want to be valuable to other people. In Fahrenheit 451, Granger t ells Montag to â€Å"walk carefully†and guard his health. Granger says â€Å"If anything should happen to Harris, you (Guy Montag) are The Book of Ecclesiastes. See how important you have become in the last minute!†(Bradbury 151). Granger says this because he knows this is what Mr. Montag wants to hear. In Anthem, Equality 7-2521 writes that he will â€Å"take our box, and walk through the streets to the Home of the Scholars†(Rand 66). He plans to â€Å"join our hands to theirs, and we shall work together† (Rand 67). Guy Montag and Equality 7-2521 feel the need to be valuable simply because they are humans. This particular human trait causes internal conflict in the protagonist. When Guy enters the forest, he leaves his whole life behind. He wants to make a difference through the book people. He feels like his efforts to change the population prior to this stage in his life were in vain. A person will always strive to find a purpose after they suffer a gr eat defeat. The want to make a difference blinds Equality 7-2521 so much that he ignores the obvious truth: that government will never forgive him for his transgressions. He knows he can be of more service to the community than just being a Street Sweeper, so the reader can infer thatShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of Fahrenheit 4511266 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin, in Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury incorporated: a censorship aspect intended for the book, social commentary, and the social critical analysis which relates to conflicts in our world today. To continue, censorship can be considered a â€Å"threat† to society, for example, Bradbury uses the concept of the overuse of media and how it can affect the world and the people around you. Furthermore, Bradbury’s key focus was to satirize the excessive use of television and the media as a news and entertainment

Essay about Post War Impact of Vietnam - 1717 Words

Post War Impact of Vietnam Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried is an excellent piece of metafiction. While highlighting the revulsions of the war, O’Brien often times narrates his personal experiences in Vietnam. Line between fiction and actual account of the war is typically blurred. Book is not only quite descriptive but it also perfectly conveys the horrors and realities of combat. For this research paper I will analyze Tim O’Brien’s ‘The Things They Carried’ and examine the transformations faced by young men, lack of support for returning Vietnam veterans and the bias portrayed in the media. Vietnam war has been one of the most deadliest and expensive wars to date. Not only it resulted in massive casualties and financial losses,†¦show more content†¦Jimmy Cross is also in love with this girl named Martha. He constantly dreams about her during the day just to escape the reality of war. Martha often sends him letters and photographs of herself. â€Å"They were often signed Love, Martha, but Lieutenant Cross understood that Love was only a way of sighing and did not mean what he sometimes pretended it meant.†(O’Brien 2). This shows us another facet of people back home, who somehow felt obligated to communicate with the soldiers. Many soldiers upon return discovered that women that they were in love with had left them for someone else. As the story progresses we read that Jimmy Cross is so occupied with thoughts about Martha that it results in death of one of his men, Ted Lavender. He is riddled with guilt, which later on he confesses to O’Brien back in the US. Its not entirely clear if Ted died due to Cross’s negligence, yet like many veterans he constantly blames himself. Although Jimmy is smart, he is not a great leader and oftentimes questions his own decisions. He like most of other young men follows commands from HQ even if he doesn’t necessarily agree with them. â€Å"The filth seemed to erase identities, transforming the men into identical copies of a single soldier, which was exactly how Jimmy Cross had been trained to treat them, as interchangeable unit of command.†(Obrien 156) In this paragraph we get a glimpse inside the military officerShow MoreRelatedHistory Course Outline787 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia in the Vietnam War Era * Changing Rights and Freedoms * People Power and Politics in the Post-war Period * Australia’s Social and Cultural History in the Post-War Period Australia in the Vietnam War Inquiry questions †¢ How did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after WWII? †¢ Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? †¢ How did various groups respond to AustraliaÂ’s involvement in the Vietnam War? †¢ What was the impact of the war on AustraliaRead MoreZiek Sanchez. Massie And Perry . Pd. 3. April 12, 2017.1113 Words   |  5 PagesZiek Sanchez Massie and Perry Pd. 3 April 12, 2017 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder From The Vietnam War The Vietnam war was one of the most alarming and dangerous wars to fight. Every step in the Vietnam jungle was taken cautiously. The guerrilla warfare used by the Vietcong was frightening to anticipate. The majority of the United States army was only that of young men who had been chosen through the draft. Young men going to school and living a life at home in safety all the sudden having to makeRead MoreAmerica ´s Hostile Response to the Vietnam War and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Vietnam War contribute to the high number of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder victims? Plan of Investigation In this investigation, the personal side of the soldiers who fought in the Vietnam war will be examined- particularly the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that were most common in veterans, and the different experiences in the war or after returning home that could have caused them. The types of warfare, deaths, and differences from methods used in the Vietnam War willRead MoreThe Vietnam War Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSummary Like any other war the Vietnam War had a lot of devastating effects after the war ended. It also had many causes that changed many things after this war. The Vietnam War was fought between 1964 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos, and in bombing runs over North Vietnam.1.There were two opposing sides. On one side it was a coalition of forces including the United States, the Republic of Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea. AndRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was A Long And Bloody1502 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War was a long and bloody one. The war began on November 1, 1955 and ended on April 30, 1975. The war lasted nearly 20 years. Over this period, 9,087,000 men from United States were deployed, 58,220 were killed and more than 300,000 were wounded. The war also killed an estimated 2 million Vietnamese civilians, 1.1 million North Vietnamese troops, and 200,000 South Vietnamese troops. The Vietnam War was the first war America ever lost and this lost would lead to a heavy impact on theRead MoreThe Vietnam War: The Mental, Social, and Physical Effects on the Soldiers1402 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1961 the worst war ever fought by America had just started. The Vietnamese of the north also known as the Viet Cong had invaded the south to take control of the entire country. America and other democratic countries felt the spread of communism to this country would be a stepping-stone for other communistic countries around the world, also known as the Domino Effect. America, as cocky as they were, invaded Vietnam to help the southern Vietnamese. Although America is one of the most powerful countriesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1149 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst taken seriously when the Vietnam veterans returned from the war. Combat experience is the most commonly linked to this disorder. However, studies have shown that there are many different causes. These studies were applied to a wide variety of traumas that people have experienced in various horrific events. According to The National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"about 4% of American adults ages 18-54 suffers from PTSD in a given year. These people have served in wars, have been raped or mugged,Read MorePsychological And Emotional Effects Of War On Soldiers1500 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of War on Soldiers We have all seen or read about the political and social upheavals caused by war. Some may have even experienced it first-hand. Throughout history war has had negative psychological implications on those effected. However, there is no greater negative impact of war than the psychological and emotional turmoil that it causes individual soldiers. To narrow down the scope of these psychological effects, I have chosen to focus on the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was, in myRead MorePolitical And Social Upheavals Caused By War1533 Words   |  7 Pagescaused by war. Some may have even experienced it first-hand. Throughout history war has had negative psychological implications on those effected. However, there is no greater negative impact of war than the psychological and emotional turmoil that it causes individual soldiers. To narrow down the scope of these psychological effects, I have chosen to focus on the U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War during the period 1962 to 1973. The Vietnam War was, in my opinion, the first war that reallyRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Cold War1494 Words   |  6 Pages When examining the Vietnam War you must first understand the involvement of the events surrounding the Cold War. The ‘Vietnam War’ as it is known is a product of the cold war era, by this I mean that events in the Cold War led to the US’s involvement and creation of issues causing the conflict. â€Å"The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United

Disability in an Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum

Question: Critique of the attitudes towards disability in an undergraduate nursing curriculum. Answer: Summarization of three websites and tutorial for future students The literature search on the topic of the nursing problem that has been chosen is the people with disabilities and their care in the current nursing system. The emphasis on the special care for the patients with disabilities and the inclusion of the topic in the nursing curriculum is done in the research. The different databases like pubmed, cinahl and Cochran library has been used for the research resources as these are known sources on the medical and nursing field. Website 1 Care for the patients with disabilities needs special training of the staff and the special approach to health care delivery. This is a point of contention between specialists on the sector as they are the ones who determine the care delivery models and develop them as such that they can be applicable for the patient population with as little change as possible. So the care for the patients with disabilities needs special and different approach to that which is employed in the case of the normal patients. So by this literature presented in the website it is clear that the patients with disabilities need special care model for optimum care delivery (Drscheln I, 2013). Website 2 The second literature concentrates on the care of the children with disabilities and proper way to care for them which is not present in the nursing curricula. So the literature presents the option of changing the curriculum for the nurses to include the care of the children with disabilities as a special part of the course (Ilkhani M, 2015). Website 3 This website presents the literature that is concerned with the attitude of the student nurses in New Zealand toward patients with disabilities. It has been established from the previous literatures that the patients with disabilities need special attention from the nurses caring for them. So the care for the patients and the inclusion of the care for disabled in the curriculum is dependent on the attitude of the nurses so the need to change the outlook to change the attitude is the topic of the research (Seccombe, 2007). Critique of the literature Research problem The research problem in this topic is the centred on the patients with disabilities. The problem that is concern of the researcher is the specific care model development suitable for the disables patients and the attitude of the students and their acceptability to the new care model that should be proposed. Primary empirical sources The primary sources are the sources where the research has been conducted firsthand and data has been collected from the sources and analysed and a conclusion drawn. Empirical sources are the sources where the empirical data has been collected and analysed and the data collected research and observation has used the empirical data to come to the conclusion of the research. The different articles analysed in the first chapter are empirical sources and the other empirical sources are marked in the references section of the research. The secondary data uses the information collected by some other researchers in the research so the data used in the research to come to a definite conclusion or decision is second hand. Some books that have been used in the research are full of secondary data. They are also marked in the references section. Some of the journal articles that are cited in the research are the sources where the data collected is firsthand but the collected data is not empirical but numerical. So these sources can be marked as primary sources but not empirical ones. Current references The references that are used in the researches are current compared to the literature although some of them are old but they are original researches which point out the different problems in the care model employed in the hospitals. So they are treated as important resources in the literature. Usually the articles and books that are based on researches based on the years between 1991n and the present are considered as current. Relevant studies The relevant studies are identified and described in the literature review and the studies are all on the topic of nursing education and the attitude of the care givers and the caregivers in training towards the patients who have disabilities that require a different approach from the normal one that is usually taught in the nursing curriculum. So the studies that have been used in the literature are appropriate in the case and they are all relevant to the research problems that have been described in the first chapter of the critique. The articles and the books that have been used in the study are based on the nursing education and the research revolves around the changes in the current system which might change the attitude of the student nurses in the region and abroad towards the [patients with disabilities and can be used in the future give better healthcare service to the patients with disabilities. Relevant theories No relevant theory has been used in the literature that is being critiqued and the criteria used to find it out is to analyse the literature critically and see if any reference to any theories has been used in the literature review. The articles that have been used as primary sources in the literature might contain some useful and relevant theories that can be used in the study but they have definitely been not used in the literature review. References of some statements that would have been better explained with the help of the relevant theories that have definitely been part of the original literature used as source but they have not been used in the review to make sense of the problem at hand. So in this case the literature is sorely lacking and there is no way to demonstrate the necessary theories in the literature. So the article is able to explain the problem and refer to the different literature which is relevant but it could have been better and more understandable with the h elp of a few theories. Landmark studies The word landmark means noticeable geographical feature of an area but in this case the word land mark means some important study that is noticeable. In some specific field that is diverse some study that addresses some academic feature of the area that has never been explored before is called landmark studies. There is one land mark study that is used in the literature which is the following Bishop, J., Caygill, D., Mace, Cl, Ross, R., Taylor, S., Tuczemskyi, E., Richardson, M. 1990. Disabled for a day. Nursing Times 23. This study is done on the basis of personal experience of the researcher and the disability and the disabled people and their care in the normal day has been described. Here the first person perspective of the problems that are faced by the disabled people. It is a study that looks into the daily lives of the disabled people and points out the problems they face to the people who are not disabled and without this study would have been unable to see things from the perspective of the disabled. This is why the study is a landmark study. Critique of relevant studies The relevant studies have been critiqued in many instances and the study itself revolves around the statements made which critique the relevant literature. Some of the instances where the relevant literature have been critiqued are Students' previous experiences, expectations, the contact and nature of the contact along with staff support were all elements which contributed to changing attitudes (Murray Chambers 1991) Positive attitudes to disabled people develop through a combination of education,information and supported contact (Chan Cheng 2001; Eichinger et al 1991; Happell,2000; Procter Hafner, 1991). Utilizing the knowledge and experiences of disabled people or parents of disabled children in the educational process is also recommended (Heaton, 2002; Scullion 1999a). Paraphrasing The number of quotations in the literature is minimum and most of the statements that are taken from the other sources of literature are in almost all of the cases paraphrased to conform to the flow of the literature review. So the result is one flowing literature which is not disjointed in any way and the information gleaned from the other sources is incorporated seamlessly in the review. The result is a complete piece of literature so paraphrasing has been used in the literature to make the flow of words smoother. Current knowledge The current knowledge is used in the literature review as the sources that have been cited are of recent years and the articles which has been the primary source of the information in this literature goes up to the date of publication so, it is clear that the sources that has been used are current. So it can be guessed that the older literatures that are used in the literature are used when some information has not been used in the current ones. There is also the assurance of the researcher that the current similar sources if found would have been used in the literature. Gaps in knowledge The gaps in knowledge has been addressed by the researcher as the researcher concentrated on filling in the gaps in the literatures by suggesting ways of the changes in the curricula=um to make the knowledge of the student nurses more complete. So it can be assumed that all of the gaps in the literature have been addressed by the researcher in the same way and the resultant research is one of the most complete pieces of literature in the subject. Structure The structure of the literature review is controlled and segmented in different parts based on the topic and the proper introduction and conclusion part is also added. the result of the effort given by the researcher is one complete piece of literature that has the concise structure and the information is presented in a systematic way. Logical conclusion The study is based on the logic that the current curriculum for the nurse students is incomplete as they do not propose as different care model for the patients with disabilities. So the study revolves around the fact that the case that is concerned with implementing the necessary changes in the nursing students curriculum so that the care of the disabled patients are included specifically in the study. So it is clear that the logic of the study is based on the case that is built on the foundations of the researches on the topic. So there is logic behind the structure of the literature and the conclusion. References Cristian, A. (2009). Medical management of adults with neurologic disabilities. New York: Demos Medical. Drscheln I, e. (2013). [Nursing patients with learning and physical disabilities in hospitals - a systematic literature review]. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23384844 [Accessed 27 Jun. 2016]. Embregts, P. (2009). Residential treatment following outpatient treatment for children with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities: A study of child and family characteristics. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(5), pp.1062-1067. Farrar-Schneider, D. (1991). Pain in children: Nature, assessment, and treatment. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 12(1), pp.106-107. Ilkhani M, e. (2015). Nursing curricula relating to care for disabled children: literature review. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26190753 [Accessed 27 Jun. 2016]. Patients with physical and mental disabilities. (1993). Chicago, Ill.: American Dental Association, Council on Community Health, Hospital, Institutional and Medical Affairs. Perel, I. (1992). Deinstitutionalization at a large facility: A focus on treatment. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 13(1), pp.81-86. Seccombe, J. (2007). Attitudes towards disability in an undergraduate nursing curriculum: A literature review. Nurse Education Today, 27(5), pp.459-465.

Rise of Islam free essay sample

Examines political, economic, social religious conditions conducive to teachings leadership of Muhammad subsequent military conquests in Arabia in 7th Cent.

Death Essays (679 words) - Death Customs, Undertaking, Mourning

Death Essays (679 words) - Death Customs, Undertaking, Mourning Gurtegh Hora Period 1 Death is inevitable that one cannot escape and avoid the pain and sorrow that follows. Death cannot be avoided in any way, shape or form. This is seen in both poems Funeral Blues by W.H. Auden and Spring and Fall: To a Young Child by Gerard Manley Hopkins 1918. Death is so dreadful that it impacts everything starting with the environment and leading all the way to the outcomes of death. Death is so horrific that it even affects nature and the environment of one as a whole. He was my North, my South, my East and West, symbolizes that this man was her everything, her whole entire world, but could not stay with her forever. In the third stanza, Auden uses Metaphors to display how much the past meant to the narrator. Auden says that we must "stop the dog from barking," "silence the pianos," and bring out a "muffled drum. In the first stanza, there is a lot of Imagery that brings upon a feeling of grief, sadness and emotion. Margaret are you grieving/Over Goldengrove unleaving? Which brings up a very sad emotion because the leaves are are beginning to fall. There is use of Illiteration with the words grieving and Goldengrove, emphasizing its importance. Frequently people find themselves in a situation where they are unable to deliberate death openly. I thought that love would last forever: I was wrong. This displays that she couldnt have him forever. The use of Syntax was essential in this case because it calls for pause giving more depth to the sentence, and shows how the girl must be very sad do to her loss. In the second stanza, Auden describes having airplanes "circle moaning overhead Scribbling on the sky" indicating about how this person's loved one had died. There is a heavy use of Personification because airplanes aren't capable of moaning or scribbling; but giving an airplane the ability to do so adds a key element to the poem. It gave off the feeling that the airplane is mourning a death as well. Margaret is in the "spring" of her life and she is only a "young child,". But even though she's young, she's already starting to realize (due to the leaves falling) and that she will eventually grow old and die. The main device us ed here was Juxtaposition, which contrasts between youth and age, innocence and knowledge, spring and fall. The end results after a person or one has passed away or is going to one day, is a feeling that you cannot overcome. It is the blight man was born for/It is Margaret you mourn for. She is not mourning for the leaf, she mourning because she realizes that one-day she will fall just as the leaves. Also there is use of Illiteration with blight and born, blight-meaning burden gives the last to lines more emotion. As well as Conflict because she will mourn her own death one day. For nothing now can ever come to any good. Displays how the world isn't big enough to hold the pain of the death has taken place, and its not enough to go up, one must come back down. This is worst that could happen, it could one get better from this point on. The words that sated the first three line of the poem Stop, Prevent, Silence indicates negativity and death. Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come, shows that a he is dead and now mourning his death is last thing to do. Death is so significant that it last everyday until one lives there last day. The environment, people/family and the end results of death are all major points seen throughout the writings. When someone dies, it kills the person mourning day in and night. Death is not an easy thing to overcome when you know its approaching or it has already occurred, as displayed by these two poems.

MUSIC in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MUSIC in Britain - Essay Example They have a fusion of different genres of music: sacred, secular, popular and new age music. Each of the Great Nations that originally made up the Great Britain-Ireland, Whales, England, and Scotland- maintained a unique instrumentation and music forms. British music was largely impacted by continental developments. British composers contributed a lot to significant music movements in the Great Britain. Such movements included the polyphony that later gave birth to national as well as international classical. Over the ages British musicians created distinctive musical forms such as carol, antiphons, the rota, and Countenance Angloise. Church music predominant in the 16th century was largely influenced by the Protestant Reformation. Thus, the songs and music at this time were themed around worship, national music and belief. Following the church music was the Baroque, largely viewed by critiques as a culmination of masques, lute ayres, and English magrigals during the Renaissance Period (Baggett et al. 1996, p24). The Baroque music was developed in the 17th century. By contrast, court music was more integrated into the larger Great Britain. It is important to mention that the Baroque music was largely associated by the British Isles. Baroque music was predominant between the medieval time and the Renaissance. It became more formalized and fully accepted orchestral classical music in the mid 18th century. The music was differentiated with intricate musical ornamentation, variation in musical notes, novel instrumentation; and new techniques of playing instruments as the ascent of musical forms such as opera. Although traditionally used in the dawn of the 17th century, the full impact of Baroque music was not felt until mid 17th century; the effects were delayed due to native reluctance in incorporating the music, wars between the Great Nations, as well as cultural and religious differences. With

Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Family - Essay Example society by extension stick together just to have the very basic and important company of others, for it is through such company that the reserves of good feelings are built to arrest personal and/or societal crises more effectively. Right from one’s achievement in life to day-to-day troubles, the desire to first and foremost share with the family is immeasurable. As Carson (2005) notes in his book titled â€Å"Think Big†, â€Å"life is but a series of partings†; as much as individuals may gain trustable friends during a lifetime, the role played by the family unit remains incomparable, for the bond within is irreplaceable and goes to the very foundation an individual’s life, with children and adults alike always feeding in from a chain that ever revolves from that basic foundation. In a world full of turmoil and uncertainties, the individual’s development, more particularly with regards to emotional and physical fulfillments, all depends to a greater extent on the family unit. No matter what make it up, whether adoptive or nature given, a family provides the safety net for every individual, the young or the old, the educated or the unlucky ones, at work or at home, to be fed, nurture one’s abilities, and most importantly, to give and be given; for this is the very reason why we stick together, work together to find the best attainable solutions to the everyday challenges that all humans, irrespective of place of origin, age and/or race faces almost in equal

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay QUESTION 1 A INTRODUCTION â€Å"The best and most successful organisations recognise that they will only prosper in the long term if they satisfy the aspirations of their stakeholders; including customers, suppliers, employees, local communities, investors, governments, public interest and environment groups. To satisfy this intense scrutiny and the demands for greater accountability in society, businesses and other organisations are increasingly recognising the need to measure, track and report on their social and ethical performance.† Ethics in purchasing and supply management can relate to a wide range of issues from doubts about suppliers business procedures and practices to corruption. Decisions on ethics and corporate social responsibility are at the heart of corporate strategy. They particularly influence the purpose of the organisation. By ethics and corporate social responsibility is meant the standards and conduct that an organisation sets itself in its dealings within the organisation and outside with its environment. Ethics is particularly concerned with the basic standards for the conduct of business affairs for example, policy with regard to honesty, health and safety and corrupt practice. Corporate social responsibility has a wider remit to include the organisation’s responsibility beyond the minimum to its employees and those outside the organisation. Topics will vary with each organisation but may include environmental ‘green’ issues, treatment of employees and suppliers, charitable work and other matters related to the local or national community not conforming to approved standards of social or professional behavior; unethical business practices QUESTION 1 B INTRODUCTION The Chartered Institute of Management defines codes of ethics as a set of principles or values, used by organizations to steer the conduct of both the organization itself and its employees, in all their business activities, both internal and in relation to the outside world. Ethical codes go further than most policy statements in that they are focused on matters of right and wrong rather than just on standards of behavior and applies individually as well as collectively to the organsation’s members, and affects its internal affairs as well as those with its external stakeholders. Code of Ethics in Relation to Internal Issue This is a code that applies to all employees involved in the purchasing process within Kyerico. In addition to full compliance with the Kyerico’s General Business Principles, all affected employees shall: 1. ACT HONESTLY AND ETHICALLY * Carry out their duties in an honest and ethical way by ensuring that business policies and practices are aligned with ethical principles. * Maintain the confidentiality of privileged information acquired in the course of their work, except when disclosure has been authorized or is legally obliged. * Act in good faith, responsible, with due care, competence and diligence, without allowing one’s independent judgment to be subordinated. Provide information that is true and not designed to mislead. * Clearly communicate ethical expectations to those with whom they work. * Refrain from using or appearing to use confidential information acquired in the course of one’s work for unethical or illegal advantage either personally or through third parties. * Ensure the integrity of records; including documenting obtained discounts in a proper form. 2. AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST * Avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships. No actions should be taken and interests outside Kyerico should be avoided that may make it difficult to perform his or her company work objectively and effectively. No direct or indirect financial interest in a supplier or competing company is allowed. * The acceptance of gifts or personal favors of commercial value is not acceptable, which includes invitations to sporting or social events. It is to be made clear to third parties that personal favors can only influence the business relationship negatively and that business decisions are based solely on benefits to Kyerico and not on considerations of past or future personal gain. 3. FOLLOW A FAIR PROCESS TO SELECT SUPPLIERS AND AWARD BUSINESS TO SUPPLIERS * Support the principle of fair competition as a basis for selecting suppliers and awarding business to suppliers. * While considering the advantages to Kyerico of maintaining a continuing relationship with a supplier, avoid any arrangement that could, in the long term, prevent the effective cooperation of fair competition. * Fully comply with the internal purchasing process of purchase requests and purchase orders when awarding business to a supplier. No purchase will be done without a purchase order. * Not share information related to quotes from suppliers with any other supplier at any time. 4. SELECT SUPPLIERS THAT COMPLY WITH HIGH ETHICAL STANDARDS * Select suppliers and award business to suppliers that are committed to act fairly and with integrity towards their stakeholders and that duly observe the applicable rules of the law of the countries they operate in. * Terminate the relationship with suppliers that do not adhere to general Kyerico’s policies for suppliers, like the child labor and forced labor policies. Code of Ethics in Relation to External Issues This is a code that applies to all suppliers dealing with Kyerico. In addition to full compliance with the Kyerico’s General Business Principles, all affected suppliers shall: 5. CHILD LABOUR SHALL NOT BE USED * There shall be no new recruitment of child labour. * Suppliers shall develop or participate in and contribute to policies and programmes which provide for the transition of any child found to be performing child labour to enable her or him to attend and remain in quality education until no longer a child. * Children and young persons under 18 shall not be employed at night or in hazardous conditions. * These policies and procedures shall conform to the provisions of the relevant ILO standards. 6. NO DISCRIMINATION IS PRACTICED * There is no discrimination in hiring, compensation, access to training, promotion, termination or retirement based on race, caste, national origin, religion, age, disability, gender, marital status, sexual orientation, union membership or political affiliation. 7. LIVING WAGES ARE PAID * Wages and benefits paid for a standard working week meet, at a minimum, national legal standards or industry benchmark standards, whichever is higher. In any event wages should always be enough to meet basic needs and to provide some discretionary income. * All workers shall be provided with written and understandable Information about their employment conditions in respect to wages before they enter employment and about the particulars of their wages for the pay period concerned each time that they are paid. * Deductions from wages as a disciplinary measure shall not be permitted nor shall any deductions from wages not provided for by national law be permitted without the expressed permission of the worker concerned. All disciplinary measures should be recorded. * Employment practices such as training or apprenticeship wages, pre-employment fees, deposits, or other practices that effectively lower an employees pay below the legal minimum wage are not permitted. 8. SUPPLIERS’ TREATMENT OF EMPLOYEES * Under no circumstances should suppliers abuse or intimidate, in any fashion, employees * Any disciplinary measures should be recorded. * Suppliers should have a grievance/appeal procedure that is clear, easy to understand and should be given to the employee in writing. * In the event that suppliers employees are unable to read, the grievance/appeal procedure should be read and explained to them by a union representative or another appropriate third party 9. WORKING CONDITIONS ARE SAFE AND HYGIENIC * Suppliers shall provide a safe and hygienic working environment, bearing in mind the prevailing knowledge of the industry and of any specific hazards. Adequate steps shall be taken to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of, associated with, or occurring in the course of work, by minimising, so far as is reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards inherent in the working environment. * Workers shall receive regular and recorded health and safety training, and such training shall be repeated for new or reassigned workers. * Suppliers shall ensure access to clean toilet facilities and to potable water, and, if appropriate, sanitary facilities for food storage shall be provided. * Accommodation, where provided, shall be clean, safe, and meet the basic needs of the workers. * The supplier observing the code shall assign responsibility for health and safety to a senior management representative. 10. HEALTH AND SAFETY * Suppliers shall ensure a safe and healthy workplace and provide a written safety and health policies and procedures that minimize negative impacts on the workplace environment, reduce work-related injury and illness, and promote the general health of employees. * Suppliers must provide training and adequate equipment to ensure workplace safety practices. * Suppliers should assign responsibility for health and safety to a senior management representative * Suppliers should have appropriate health and safety policies and procedures and these should be demonstrable in the workplace QUESTION 2 Purchase management is the maintenance of an efficient supply chain (from raw materials to manufacturing to customers). It also involves several functions including: finding suppliers, estimating the cost of materials, contracting with suppliers, purchasing materials, negotiating, handling purchasing problems and maintaining purchase records. It is also responsible for controlling the cost of the goods ordered, controlling inventory levels and building strong relationships with suppliers. Employees who serve in this function are known as buyers, purchasing agents, or supply managers There are two major types of purchasing: purchasing for resale (retail and wholesale businesses) and purchasing for consumption (industrial businesses). Effective purchase management is essential to keeping the costs of developing products low and ensuring the development process is fast and productive. Because the process of developing products is so expensive, purchasing must be carefully managed and constantly improved. Several factors are key to effective purchasing management. Among these are: skilled purchasers, cost-effective, quality materials and reliable suppliers.

Professional Learning Communities Essay -- teacher collaboration and s

INTRODUCTION Traditionally, teacher development typically occurs through trial and error in the isolated confinements of each teacher’s classroom with some periodic whole-group professional development (Goddard & Goddard, 2007). Within the past few decades, many schools and districts, including ours, have considered and experimented with Professional Learning Communities (PLC) as an alternative framework in guiding a more efficient development program for their teachers. PLCs are focused on enhancing student learning through developing teacher practices. The concept of PLC relies on using structured collaborative sessions amongst teachers within the school to build internal capacity. Through PLCs, teachers critically reflect on current practices, brainstorm solutions, and obtain help and advice from others in a supportive growth-oriented environment over an extended period of time (Vescio, Ross, & Adams, 2008; Nelson, 2009; Scher & O'Reilly, 2009; Bolam, McMahon, Stoll, Thomas, & Wallace, 2005). The theory of change guiding PLCs holds that by providing teachers with targeted support from within the school community, as oppose to hiring additional outside experts, professional developments can become for efficient. Implementation of effective PLCs requires intentional effort, school-wide and possibly district-wide restructuring of teacher schedules, and additional resources. For schools considering implementing PLCs, it is important to understand the logic of action and the benefits of PLCs as it relates to teacher improvement and increased student achievement. Analysis of the underlying logic of action and evidence from empirical studies show that developing Professional Learning Communities within schools can lead to increas... ...Nelson, T. H. (2009). Teachers' collaborative inquiry and professional growth: Should we be optimistic? Science Education , 93 (3), 548-580. Phillips, J. (2003). Powerful learning: Creating learning communities in urban school reform. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision , 18 (3), 240-258. Scher, L., & O'Reilly, F. (2009). Professional Development for K–12 Math and Science Teachers: What Do We Really Know? Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness , 2 (3), 209-249. Strahan, D. (2003). Promoting a collaborative professional culture in three elementary schools that have beaten the odds. The Elementary School Journal , 104 (2), 127–146. Vescio, V., Ross, D., & Adams, A. (2008). A review of research on the impact of professional learning communities on teaching practice and student learning. Teaching and Teacher Education , 24 (1), 80-91.

Why Are Black Boys Failing in School

It is easy to point the finger but harder to find a solution as to why the black male child is failing in school. There are several crucial factors that contribute to this epidemic including, parents are not communicating with the teachers, the socioeconomic status of the child's family, and the father's absence in the child's life. Each of these topics intertwine with one another and is preventing a race of young men who will not be given the chance to excel in life. The worst teachers are the parents. Teaching starts at home from the time the child is old enough to speak, he learns from his parents.We must realize that this is a vicious cycle which must be broken if we are to ever help these young black boys. If a parent is ignorant then they in turn teach their child ignorance. If the parent using profanity and does not speak articulately neither will the child. The main problem is that parents raise their boys until they are able to start school and then they are done. No, learni ng is a life long process and without involved parents these boys will continue to fail at shocking rates. Perhaps if parents disciplined their children instead of just sending them to school they might actually meet the standard requirements.  (Green 7).In the book titled, Smart Kids, Bad Schools author, Brian Crosby stated, â€Å" If parents did a better job at parenting, schools wouldn't have so many students who exhibit poor behavior. † (Crosby 253). He feels that poor parenting is a direct cause as to why children misbehave in school therefore, resulting in failing grades. He says that the parents of today are â€Å"weak, out of control, and litigious. † (Crosby 253). He says, â€Å"Disciplining one's child has become as out of fashion as typewriters, record stores, and unpierced body parts. † (Crosby 252).If children are  not held accountable for their actions at home then how can the school in turn hold them accountable for their actions at school, Cr osby asks. Another point Crosby points out is if the child is not in school how does the parent expect the child to learn. â€Å"Education codes do not allow teachers to penalize students for absences. † (Crosby 255). The parent allows the child to miss school then gets angry at the teacher for giving him a failing grade. We are not living in the 1940's when it was acceptable for a male child to not attend school because he had to work.Richard Wright wrote a book titled Black Boy, where he re-lives his childhood and tells how education was an after thought. During those times the economy was bad especially for blacks in the deep South so in order to survive certain sacrifices had to be made usually education. Wright writes,â€Å" I began school at Howard Institute at a later age than was usual; my mother had not been able to buy me the necessary clothes to male me presentable. † (Wright 28). Once again this type of behavior was acceptable during those times but now it surely frowned upon.Parents of black boys surely do not understand the affect an absence has on a child that is already struggling in their studies. This goes back to my statement that this is a cycle and until we begin to educate parents of black children this problem might continue. Children learn from their parents, mentors, or whatever other figure is in the household. If their parent has a negative attitude about life nine times out of ten that attitude has rubbed off on the child. The child then goes to school with an attitude and it is left up to the teacher of probably thirty other students to try and break through this wall just to reach the child.Andy Kotner, president of the San Diego chapter of the group California Citizens Against Abuse, said, â€Å" We want parents and their kids to accept responsibility for their actions. † (Crosby 257). Simply put parents do not want anyone to tell their children that they have a bad attitude, including the teachers. It is ins tilled in most parents to defend their young with that being said, parents should listen to both sides of the story before assuming that the teacher was wrong in their actions.Parents + Teachers= A successful student. Another problem with parents not teaming up with teachers is the fear of being called a â€Å"bad parent†. Most parents of black students do not regularly attend teacher/ parent conferences. These conferences are held usually between the sixth and eight week of school and during these meetings parents get a chance to voice any concerns they might have as well as the teachers suggestions. (Cushman 11). One might ask how can a parent send their child to school without ever meeting the teacher?There are several problems associated with black parents and the school system which I discuss in depth later in the paper. Parents just do not place enough emphasis on their child's education and in turn the child doesn't either. There is no way that a child could fail if th eir parents are in continuous communication with his teacher, yes, during these times there is simply not enough hours in the day but if a parent does not care about their child's future how can expect anyone else to? † Black children are falling farther behind and are victims of an educational system that is failing them.† ( Muhammad 2).If parents do not realize that a teacher alone can not defeat this task alone, that it takes a village to raise a family its sad to say that these little black boys might be lost forever. In the book titled How to Handle Difficult Parents written by Suzanne Tingley, she offers tips for how teachers can try to get pass difficult parents. She says that teachers need learn parent management skills. ( Tingley 8). By that she means teachers need to understand that during these times there is a lot of obstacles standing in the way.â€Å"When teachers know that a child's parent stands ready to challenge them at every turn, they can become relu ctant to confront inappropriate student behavior or lack of effort. † ( Tingley 8). If the parents are confrontational the teacher becomes intimidated and therefore the issues go unresolved. She feels that parents should communicate with teachers respectfully and civilly without judging the teachers credentials. In today's society is not always economically possible for the mother to stay at home while the husband works. She says, â€Å"Parents work their jobs, raise their family, and pay their bills.Kids are responsible for attending school, staying out of trouble, and pay attention. † ( Tingley 10). Teachers are not always pointing the finger at the parent but they would like it if the parent was more involved in the child's schooling. Somewhere along the way we have gotten lost in our forty plus work hour weeks, consumed by emails, and tied down by bills. Parents must take time out of their busy schedules and make a sacrifice for their children. Another problem, Ting ley pointed out was that the parents of today make too many excuses for their child's lack of enthusiasm when it comes to education.Parents feel that if a child becomes bored at school that it is the teachers responsibility to make learning fun. They say that the child is not being challenged enough and that the teacher should devise a plan that works for their child. It is not the teachers job to entertain students; their job is simple- teach. The unwillingness from the parents makes it harder for teachers to do their job. â€Å"The stress of dealing with difficult parents remains one of the top reasons teachers cite for leaving the profession after only five years. † (Tingley 7).There are different parenting styles that contribute to the learning process and should be discussed in order to get a better understanding of why the black child is failing compared to other children. â€Å" In the eighth grade, only nine percent of black males across the country performed at or a bove the proficient level in reading compared with 33% of white males nationwide†. This statistic comes from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. (Green 2). There is something that other parents from other races are teaching their children that we as black parents are not.â€Å"Everyday our parents tell us: â€Å"Obey your teachers. Do your schoolwork. Stay out of trouble. You're there to learn, not to fight. Keep trying harder. Keep pushing yourself. Do your homework. After you have done that, you can watch TV. † Sikh immigrant student in a California high school. (Thernstorm 83). I am a black mother raising two black boys and our morning conversation goes a lot differently than the previous one. I tell my boys to mindful of their appearance; they are judged on how they look. I tell them to be on time; typical stereotypes of black people is that we are always late.Don't let let anyone make you feel bad about yourself; you are just as good as anyone else. I f that teacher calls me because you were misbehaving when you get home you are going to be in so much trouble. Parents of black children must remind our little black boys that the world view them differently and that they must always conduct themselves appropriately. Culture plays one of the biggest roles in how parents teach their children. Once culture is defined and I show correlation between the subject, I will discuss our history of learning in America.It is important for one to understand that education was not always an option for blacks in America. Culture is defined as the beliefs,customs, and arts of a particular society. It can be defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, and social habits. â€Å" Twenty percent of the mothers of black children today never completed high school. † (Gross 124). It is sad to say but within our culture a lot of women have children out of wedlock and usually drop out of school. If we as black parents have no knowledge the re is nothing that we can teach our kids except survival.Asian students do better on average than an other students, this has a lot to do with culture. In 2000, a majority (54%) of Asian Americans ages 25-29 had a bachelors degree, as compared to with just a third of (34%) of whites. (Blankstein 34). One reason Asian students are excelling at a compelling rate is that their parents have very high expectations for their children and failure is never an option for them. Another reason, Asian students perform better is because they watch less television then their counterparts.A study from Northwestern University titled, â€Å" Children, Media, and Race†, shows that black kids watch more television than others. Black children watch more than four hours a day and Asians watch less than two. † (Blankstein 27). â€Å"Asian youths are successful, Steinburg writes, â€Å"Not because of their stronger belief in the payoff for their doing well, but because they have greater fea r of the consequences of not doing well. †(Rochester 121). The last reason Asian students do better than the average American student is because their parents have a higher income than most.  (Thernstorm 89).Socioeconomic status, plays an important role in child's education. According to history, it would appear that black children have been set up for failure ever since we arrived in America. â€Å" From colonial times, educational opportunities for African Americans were extremely limited. † (Sharp 8). White Americans often used several cruel techniques to make blacks feel inferior including, segregation, discrimination, and lack of education. The fourteenth amendment guaranteed that all Americans were to have equal protection under the law.At the end of slavery many freed slaves knew that education was vital to their survival and immediately went to register for school. Whites feared this movement, they knew that if blacks received an education and training they wo uld longer depend on the them and their dependency was crucial for the southern economy. ( Sharp 21). During the 1870's at the end of the Reconstruction era whites quickly leaped into action to stop blacks from receiving an education even though there was a law that stated all Americans should be treated equally.The Jim Crow laws, which were a set of laws that enforced the practice of segregation or discrimination against blacks in public places, employment, and other areas of social life. ( Volkomer 318). In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, an African American Louisiana man had been jailed in 1896 for refusing to sit in the â€Å"black† section of the train. Just when blacks thought they making some headway the Court ruled that as long as the same facilities that were provided for whites were provided for blacks then the Fourteenth Amendment had not been violated.  (Volkomer 318).This decision grabbed the attention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which was founded by W. E. B Du Bois and other great African American civil rights leaders. The main purpose of the NAACP was â€Å"to achieve, through peaceful and lawful means, equal citizenship rights for all American citizens by eliminating segregation and discrimination in housing,employment, voting, schools, the courts, transportation, and recreation. † (Sharp 18). Founder W. E. B.Du Bois, the first African American to earn a doctorate degree at Harvard University, felt that â€Å"education was the most was the most priceless possession a black person could have. † In his book titled, â€Å" The Educating of Black People. †, he wrote, â€Å" Education must not simply teach work, it must teach life. † (DuBois 37). The rivalry between DuBois and Booker T. Washington was a break through moment in African American history. While DuBois felt that education was the best opportunity for blacks Washington on the other hand felt somewhat diff erently.Agriculture to Washington was one of his soul ideas of his â€Å"racial uplift† theory. â€Å"Washington offered black acquiescence in disenfranchisement and social segregation if whites would back the idea of black progress in education, agriculture, and economics. † (Rochester 79). This man used his undeniable wit and political savvy to convince white Southners that his educational program would keep black people â€Å"down on the farm† and in return he promised blacks that through work ethics they could achieve the American Dream and become not only business men but land owners as well.This political opinion clashed with what DuBois thought was appropriate for the blacks at that present time. I mean weren't blacks trying to get off â€Å"the farm† and into classrooms to educate themselves? Even though DuBois viciously disagreed with Washington's view he did however, acknowledge him for being one of the first black intellects to defend the black race. DuBois writes, â€Å"Negroes must insist continually, in season and out of season, that voting id necessary to modern manhood, that color discrimination is barbarism, and that black boys need education as well as white boys.† (DuBois 63).While blacks had won the war on slavery, the battle on education was still in progress. Black leaders of the Civil Rights movement like Thurgood Marshall and Charles Houston that fought long and hard so that black children would be able to receive equal educational opportunities. Civil Rights, are defined as the right of an individual not to be discriminated against on the basis of their race,sex,or nationality. The education that blacks received in the South during those times foreshadow our culture and the negligent attitudes of black parents.For years blacks have fought for not only their freedom but the right to have an education, it seems that the parents of today have forgotten the many sacrifices their forefathers made for them. Not only were the lessons being taught inferior to those of the white students but the conditions in which the children had to endure almost made it impossible for them to learn. The books that were given to blacks were often used and were filled with racial and derogatory terms. To add insult to injury the curriculum within the the text books focused more so on the inferiority of blacks.It was said to have contained lessons that African Americans were referred to as† ignorant and helpless people who were unable to survive without the help of a benevolent and superior white society. † ( Sharp 15). Most of the schools did not have desks and chairs, a black board for the teacher to write instead, the teachers used cardboard to teach lessons, more times than most there were no bathrooms in the schoolhouse and the children had to go outside to relieve themselves. With these horrendous conditions how did whites think that black children were receiving â€Å"equal† edu cation compared to the white children?The answer to that question is they didn't, they figured that if they made it hard almost impossible for the blacks that they would just roll over and conform to their way of life. In an article titled â€Å" The Willie Lynch Letters. †, which was written by Willie Lynch, a British slave owner he said, â€Å"Keep the body; Take the mind. † He wrote this letter to help slave owners keep their Negro slaves dependent on them. (Abbott 4). Even when faced with adversity the black community did not falter nor did they give up on their hopes and dreams for their their child's future.In 1926, African American parents formed a group called the Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers. They worked tirelessly and feverishly to inform the state of Mississippi of the injustice that they allowed to continue. We have come a long way from the Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. the Board of Education, and Martin Luther King Jr. infamous â€Å"I Have A D ream† speech, but many will argue that we still have some ways to go. We are not where we used to be yet we are not where we want to be.From slavery to the Jim Crow laws to the No Child Left Behind Act we as parents must continue to fight against the injustices that either we created or society. Civil Rights leaders have fought and died for our little black children to have the same equal rights and it seems like the parents of today have forgotten about our history, this is our culture which has shaped black America into the cultural rich and diverse nation in which we live. Parents of black children must not allow fear to cloud our judgment when it comes to trusting our child's teachers.One reason these parents do not confide in the teachers is because of fear. We are afraid of failure, failing our children because of our ignorance. Majority of the time there are programs and services that are out there to help families that are struggling in areas of their home life. Until this gap is closed parents will continue to shelter their child from success. â€Å"Black parents and Black communities are ultimately responsible for the education of Black children. Not teachers! Not schools! Not elected officials! We are responsible!If our children are being destroyed in American schools, it is only because we allow it. † (Muhammad 5). â€Å"It is often argued that the low education achievement levels of African- Americans and Hispanics are caused by poverty. † ( Strauss 12). Parents of black children usually earn less than parents of any other race and it is the black children that are failing. Valerie Strauss author of, â€Å" The Way out of the Black Poverty Cycle. †, says that, â€Å" It is often argued that the low education achievement levels of African- Americans and Hispanics are caused by poverty. † (Strauss 38).She feels that poverty plays a vital role in the education of the black child. She continues with, â€Å" if there were more programs to help the black youth improve education this would help alleviate the high rates of incarceration among black males. † (Strauss 14). She feels that the lack of adequate education in the black community is the number one cause in the high rates of black males dropping out of school and ending up in prison. Once they are released from prison most have little or no skills to find employment adequate enough to provide for the family they have left behind thus, the family remains impoverished.Gabriel Trip author of, â€Å" Proficiency of Black Students is Found to Be Far Lower Than Expected. †, says that, â€Å" Only 12% of black 4th grade boys are proficient in reading, compared with 38% of white boys. † (Trip 3). While this is true Trip feels that, â€Å"Poverty alone does not seem to explain the differences: poor white boys do just as well as African- American boys who do not live in poverty. † (Trip 8). This author thinks that if Congre ss would appropriate more money to the failing black schools and establish more networks for young black males that would be more productive rather than , just closing the failing schools all together.The final topic I will discuss is the absence of the father figure in the young black males life and how it has a major affect on the child's education. Mike Casserly, director of Council of the Great City Schools asks,† How can we close or narrow the country's black-white achievement gap when African -American males are not getting the attention and support they need. † (Casserly 3). The reason black males are not the getting the attention they need to succeed is because their fathers are not involved in their lives.â€Å"The father's guidance to his children and his counsel regarding their anxieties and problems gives them that confidence and a feeling of affection which is necessary to the building of well-rounded personalities. † (Paige 17). Thirty-six percent of the father's that are currently incarcerated reported that they have one or more school age children. ( Drucker 7). Black children that grow up without a father or a positive male role in their lives have very little direction and often get involved with the wrong crowds.Studies have shown that children who their father is not in their lives stand the risk of becoming alcohol and drug addicts than other children. (Paige 5). Contrary to many beliefs a father's presence plays an important role in their child's lives. In the case of the black father and the black male child, the father is either incarcerated or has never been involved in the child's life. So there leaves a single mother trying to work and provide for her struggling family because the father is now where to be found.As Richard Wright writes, in his novel titled â€Å" Black Boy†, â€Å" As the days slid past the image of my father became associated with my pangs of hunger, and whenever I felt hunger I thought o f him with deep biological bitterness. † (Wright 125). This is an example of the negative image and feelings that a young boy will develop for his father when he is not involved. It is impossible for the mother to monitor her children twenty-four hours a day, she cannot be everywhere at once.Like the saying goes, â€Å" While the cat is away the mice will play.† this leaves the child alone usually in the evening when the child should be studying they are more than likely outside or watching television. â€Å" Under constant watch, care, and concern, children are less likely to experiment with extremes of behavior when they know they have two parents who are watching their every move. † (Paige 12). It is understandable that divorce and break-ups do and does happen often, the father should still be involved in their son's life. When it comes to discipline mothers are just softer and more reluctant than the father, which leaves the boys free to do whatever it is tha t they want to do.â€Å"Studies have shown that when a father is not present in a home, children are more likely to derail and exhibit bad and dangerous behavior. † (Paige 13). Father's may be unaware that their presence has such dramatic affects on their child's life as well as their educational goals. Children emulate their parents behavior and if the father is non existent soon so will the child. Majority of the black males that are failing live in crime ridden urban cities, where gangs and liquor stores out number community centers and churches. Without a father's love and concern what conclusion can one draw about the future of the young black male?Surely he will wind up in a street gang where he robbing, stealing, and maybe even killing but this stereotype does not have to become a reality of underprivileged black males. There are several tips that can be given for single mothers of black male children whose fathers are either incarcerated or chose not to be involved in the lives of their children. First, mothers must realize that two heads are better than one, meaning even if the father is not involved find an uncle, brother, or even a male friend of the family that would be willing to assist you.Second, ask for help. Black mothers are so afraid of being looked at as a â€Å"bad mother† that we do not ask for help even when we are on the verge of breaking down. There are a lot of services within one's community that may have several programs like the Big Brother/Big Sister program, that provides positive role models for children. Third, mothers must break the cycle. Education is the key to getting out of that low paying minimum wage job and have an opportunity to have convenient hours and better benefits.Lastly, nothing can replace the presence of a loving, nurturing, and concerned father but there are close substitutes. The failure of black young males is a nationwide epidemic. While I have only visited a few reasons as to why they are fa iling like, poverty, lack of guidance, and the absence of the father this is just the tip of the iceberg. I fear that unless â€Å"WE†, meaning the parents, teachers, political leaders, community advocates, and neighbors wake up and realize that this is not an easy fix, that this is not something that can be swept under the rug and forgotten about, they will continue to fail.

Essay on Technology and Education - 1190 Words

Technology and Education When I first stepped foot into a Towson University classroom I was surprised by what I saw. What I saw was something I thought only belonged in corporate meeting rooms. This device I speak of was a digital overhead projector. For me this was something new and very exciting. Where I went to school the idea of technology was a television with a VCR on a rolling stand. This change in technology was far superior than I had ever imagined and this is why I was I chose this topic to research. With all of the new technology that is being produced daily and so much of it beneficial to our education system what topic could be more interesting. The three topics I would like to cover in my research are the pros and cons of†¦show more content†¦Then there is the Internet, which can make everyone lives that much easier, but in regards to education the Internet can do wonders. Not only can teachers use it in the classroom to use a reference but students can also do research for any type of assignment on any topic in the world. That’s how far reaching and valuable it is to education, even local school districts can have websites to inform that community of all the activities taking place in or around the school. With all of the positives of technology in education there are also they negatives. The main setback of technology in education is the cost of the technology. It isn’t cheap at all and it leaves many schools without the means necessary to provide better technology for their students. The costs involve buying computers, printers, monitors, overheads, Internet connection, and of course the salary of technicians who keep all of this technology running. Another set back with the price of these technologies is that it can force some schools to spend money they should be spending on something else related to the school like renovations to buildings or anything else that relates to the safety of the students. Then there is also the fact that students are relying on computers to do a lot of the work for them. Word processing programs can fix spelling and grammatical errors without the student even learning that what is he doing is wrong. These problems can beShow MoreRelatedEducation And Technology : Technology And Education946 Words   |  4 PagesEducation and Technology Technology has become a major component in the system of education. Technology and education in the U.S. has changed the way people learn nowadays. Being on the 21st century the lives of people have changed immensely due to a high increase in technology inventions. Communication definitely has evolved in so many ways with the newer technology being used. 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